Portuguese Water Dog: A Complete Breed Guide
The Portuguese Water Dog (Cão de Água Português) is a spirited, intelligent, and affectionate breed originally developed to assist fishermen along the coast of Portugal. With a love for water, a curly hypoallergenic coat, and a sharp mind, this breed has earned recognition not just as a working dog, but also as a loyal family companion.
Breed Overview
- Group: Working
- Origin: Portugal
- Size: Medium
- Weight: 35–60 lbs (16–27 kg)
- Height: 17–23 inches (43–58 cm)
- Life Expectancy: 11–14 years
- Coat Type: Curly or wavy, waterproof
- Color: Black, white, brown, black and white, brown and white
- Hypoallergenic: Yes
History and Origin
The Portuguese Water Dog dates back to at least the 12th century, originating in the Algarve region of Portugal. Fishermen relied on them to:
- Herd fish into nets
- Retrieve lost tackle or broken nets
- Deliver messages between boats or shore
These dogs were strong swimmers with webbed feet and a water-resistant coat, making them perfect companions for life at sea.
As modern fishing techniques developed, the breed’s working role diminished, and by the early 20th century, their numbers had declined. Fortunately, a wealthy shipping magnate named Vasco Bensaude took an interest in preserving the breed and initiated a breeding program in the 1930s. His efforts were instrumental in saving the Portuguese Water Dog from extinction.
The breed was introduced to the U.S. in the 1960s and gained wider recognition in the 1980s. It was officially recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1983.
Physical Characteristics
Build
Portuguese Water Dogs are sturdy, medium-sized dogs with a muscular, athletic frame. Their webbed feet and powerful limbs give them exceptional swimming ability.
Coat
- Curly or Wavy: The coat may be either tight curls or loose waves.
- Waterproof: Ideal for swimming and resistant to harsh weather.
- Hypoallergenic: Sheds very little, making it suitable for allergy sufferers.
Colors
- Solid black, brown, or white
- Parti-color (black and white or brown and white)
Temperament and Personality
The Portuguese Water Dog is:
- Intelligent: Extremely smart and trainable.
- Energetic: Needs daily exercise and mental stimulation.
- Affectionate: Bonds closely with family and is often described as “velcro dogs.”
- Loyal: Protective and alert, making them good watchdogs.
- Playful: Retains puppy-like enthusiasm well into adulthood.
They are known for their sense of humor and high energy, making them excellent companions for active families.
Training and Socialization
Trainability
Portuguese Water Dogs are highly trainable due to their intelligence and desire to please. Early training is essential to manage their exuberance and energy.
Training tips:
- Use positive reinforcement (treats, praise, play)
- Begin obedience training early
- Socialize with people, dogs, and various environments
- Provide mental stimulation with puzzle toys and advanced tricks
They excel in dog sports such as:
- Agility
- Obedience
- Rally
- Dock diving
- Water rescue trials
Exercise Needs
These dogs require a lot of physical activity:
- Daily Walks: At least 1–2 long walks per day
- Off-leash Play: Ideally in a secure area
- Swimming: A favorite activity—great for exercise and fun
Without sufficient activity, they can become bored and develop behavioral issues such as barking or chewing.
Grooming and Care
Coat Maintenance
- Brushing: 2–3 times a week to prevent mats
- Professional Grooming: Every 6–8 weeks
- Styles: Common cuts include the “retriever clip” and “lion clip”
Bathing
- Bathe every 4–6 weeks or as needed, especially after swimming in salt or dirty water.
Other Grooming Needs
- Nail Trimming: Every 3–4 weeks
- Ear Cleaning: Regularly, especially if they swim often
- Teeth Brushing: 2–3 times a week to maintain dental health
Health and Lifespan
Portuguese Water Dogs are generally healthy, but they are prone to some inherited conditions:
Common Health Issues:
- Hip Dysplasia
- Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)
- Juvenile Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Addison’s Disease
- GM1 Gangliosidosis (a fatal neurological disease—can be tested for genetically)
Health Testing: Reputable breeders screen for these conditions. It’s crucial to choose a breeder who performs genetic testing and health checks.
Also read: Meet the Australian Cattle Dog Built for the Wild and Loyal to the Bone.
Portuguese Water Dog and Families
This breed makes a wonderful family dog, especially for active households. They are:
- Great with kids: Playful and gentle
- Good with other pets: Especially when socialized early
- Protective but not aggressive: Will alert bark but rarely show aggression
They thrive in environments where they are involved in family activities and get plenty of attention.
Notable Portuguese Water Dogs
Perhaps the most famous Portuguese Water Dog is Bo Obama, the First Dog of the United States during Barack Obama’s presidency. Later, the family also added another Portuguese Water Dog named Sunny. Their presence in the White House brought widespread attention to the breed.
Is the Portuguese Water Dog Right for You?
Great for you if:
- You have an active lifestyle
- You enjoy outdoor activities like hiking or swimming
- You want a loyal, intelligent companion
- You’re willing to commit to regular grooming
Not ideal if:
- You have a sedentary lifestyle
- You want a low-maintenance dog
- You can’t provide consistent mental and physical stimulation
The Portuguese Water Dog is a vibrant, devoted, and highly intelligent breed with deep historical roots and a zest for life. Whether as a working dog, a performance athlete, or a family pet, they bring joy, energy, and a bit of mischief into every home.
If you can match their enthusiasm and meet their needs, you’ll have a loyal friend for life—one that might even beat you in a swim race.